STEINTHAL, HERMANN HEYMANN
- STEINTHAL, HERMANN HEYMANN
- STEINTHAL, HERMANN HEYMANN (1823–1899), German philologist
and philosopher. He studied in Berlin and Paris (where he spent three
years in the study of Chinese language and literature), was appointed
lecturer in philology and mythology at Berlin University in 1850 and in
1855 associate professor of general philology. In 1872 he was appointed
to the chair of biblical studies and philosophy of religion at the
Hochschule fuer die Wissenschaft des Judentums. Steinthal and his
brother-in-law, moritz lazarus , founded the science of racial
psychology (Voelkerpsychologie) and the Zeitschrift fuer
Voelkerpsychologie und Sprachwissenschaft (from 1860). Having
studied under Wilhelm von Humboldt, he edited the latter's
Sprachwissenschaftliche Werke (1884) and wrote extensively in
this field, e.g., Die Sprachwissenschaft Wilhelm von Humboldts und
die Hegelsche Philosophie (1848), Die Klassifikation der
Sprachen (1850), Der Ursprung der Sprache im Zusammenhang mit
den letzten Fragen alles Wissens (1851), Die Entwicklung der
Schrift (1852), Geschichte der Sprachwissenschaft bei den
Griechen und Roemern (1863), Abriss der
Sprachwissenschaft (1871–78), Gesammelte kleine
Schriften (1880), and Allgemeine Ethik (1885).
Steinthal also retained a lifelong interest in, and devotion to, Judaism
and Jewish life. Serving as a director of the
deutsch-israelitischer gemeindebund he frequently lectured and
wrote newspaper articles in his capacity as a Jewish spokesman. His
essays Zu Bibel und Religions-philosophie (1890,
1895. reflect his ethical and aesthetic (rather than higher critical)
approach to the Bible. In his collection of essays and addresses,
Ueber Juden und Judentum (1906), he showed his pride in
his Jewish roots. Steinthal polemicized
against bruno bauer and others
who showed Christian prejudice in their treatment of Judaism and
he defended both Jews and Judaism against antisemitic attacks. He
saw in prophetism the distinguishing mark of ancient Israel,
setting it apart from other peoples, even as for him both
Germanism and Judaism were inspirations for moral action.
-BIBLIOGRAPHY:
T. Achelis, Heymann Steinthal (Ger., 1898); Baumgardt, in:
YLBI, 2 (1957), 205ff.; W. Bumann, Die Sprachtheorie
Heymann Steinthals (1965).
(Jakob J. Petuchowski)
Encyclopedia Judaica.
1971.
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